Gd
Gadolinium
Z 64 157.249 g/molLanthanide
Nucleus
64 Protons
93 Neutrons
64 Electrons (3 Valence)
Shell distribution: K2 • L8 • M18 • N25 • O9 • P2 • Q0
Electron Configuration
Energy
7p
6d
5f
7s
6p
5d
4f
6s
5p
4d
5s
4p
3d
4s
3p
3s
2p
2s
1s
[Xe]4f75d16s2
Oxidation States
CommonRare
0
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Radii
Empirical
180 pm1.8 Å
Calculated
233 pm2.33 Å
Covalent
196±6 pm1.96±0.06 Å
Van der Waals
237 pm2.37 Å
IonicGd3+
93.8 pm0.938 Å
Crystal Structure
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Hexagonal close-packedStandard state
Pearson symbol
hP2
Space group
P63/mmc No. 194
Density
7.9 g/cm³