Hf
Hafnium
Z 72 178.486 g/molTransition Metal
Nucleus
72 Protons
106 Neutrons
72 Electrons (4 Valence)
Shell distribution: K2 • L8 • M18 • N32 • O10 • P2 • Q0
Electron Configuration
Energy
7p
6d
5f
7s
6p
5d
4f
6s
5p
4d
5s
4p
3d
4s
3p
3s
2p
2s
1s
[Xe]4f145d26s2
Radii
Empirical
155 pm1.55 Å
Calculated
208 pm2.08 Å
Covalent
175±10 pm1.75±0.1 Å
van Der Waals
212 pm2.12 Å
Oxidation States
CommonRare
-2
0
0
+1
+2
+3
+4
Crystal Structure
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Hexagonal close-packed